|
Kabardian (;〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student's Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 Kabardian: '' адыгэбзэ '' or ''къэбэрдей адыгэбзэ'' or ''къэбэрдейбзэ'' '; Adyghe: ''адыгэбзэ'' or ''къэбэртай адыгабзэ'' or ''къэбэртайбзэ''), also known as Kabardino-Cherkess (къэбэрдей-черкесыбзэ)〔Например, в названии книги: Дзасэжь Хь. Э. Иджырей къэбэрдей-черкесыбзэ. Черкесск, 1964. p. 230. 〕 or , is a Northwest Caucasian language, closely related to the Adyghe language. It is spoken mainly in parts of the North Caucasus republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia (Eastern Circassia), and in Turkey, Jordan and Syria (the extensive post-war diaspora). It has 47 or 48 consonant phonemes of which 22 or 23 are fricatives, depending upon whether one counts as phonemic, but this is contrasted with just three phonemic vowels. It is one of very few languages to possess a clear phonemic distinction between ejective affricates and ejective fricatives. The Kabardian language has two major dialects, Kabardian and Besleney. Some linguists argue that Kabardian is only a dialect of an overarching Adyghe or Circassian language that consists of all of the dialects of Adyghe and Kabardian together, and the Kabardians themselves most often refer to their language using the Kabardian term ''Adighabze'' ("Adyghe language"). Several linguists, including Georges Dumézil, have used the terms ''eastern Circassian'' (Kabardian) and ''western Circassian'' (Adyghe) in order to avoid this confusion, but both "Circassian" and "Kabardian" may still be found in linguistic literature. There are several key phonetic and lexical differences that create a reasonably well-defined separation between the eastern and western Circassian dialects, but the degree to which the two are mutually intelligible has not yet been determined. The matter is also complicated somewhat by the existence of Besleney, which is usually considered a dialect of Kabardian, but which also shares a large number of features with certain dialects of Adyghe. Kabardian is written in a form of Cyrillic, and this serves as the literary language for Circassians in both Kabardino-Balkaria (where it is usually called the "Kabardian language") and Karachay-Cherkessia (where it is called the "Cherkess language"). Like all Northwest Caucasian languages, Kabardian is ergative and has an extremely complex verbal system. Since 2004, the Turkish state broadcasting corporation TRT has maintained a half-an-hour programme a week in the Terek dialect of Kabardian. ==Dialects== *East Circassian * *Kabardian * * *West Kabardian * * * *Kuban * * * *Kuban-Zelenchuk (Cherkess) * * * Central Kabardian * * * *Baksan (basis for the literary language) * * * *Malka * * * Eastern Kabardian * * * *Terek * * * *Mozdok * * * North Kabardian * * * *Mulka * * * *Zabardiqa (1925 until 1991 ''Soviet Zaparika'') * * Baslaney dialect () 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kabardian language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|